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The University of Groningen is a prestigious public research university located in Groningen, Netherlands, with a history spanning over four centuries. Founded in 1614, it is one of the oldest and largest higher education institutions in the country. The university has established a strong international reputation as a leading academic and research center, consistently ranking among the top 100 un
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-groningen - 2026-05-23
Södertörn University is a young and dynamic higher education institution located in Flemingsberg, just south of Stockholm, Sweden. Established in 1996, it has quickly developed a reputation for its modern approach to education and its strong emphasis on multidisciplinary research. The university currently serves approximately 13,000 students and employs around 850 staff members, creating an intima
https://www.norca.lu.se/sodertorn-university - 2026-05-23
The University of Toronto is a world-renowned public research university located in Toronto, Ontario, and is widely recognized as Canada's premier institution of higher learning. Founded by Royal Charter in 1827 as King's College, it is one of the oldest universities in Canada and has evolved into a massive academic hub with a distinct collegiate system similar to that of Oxford and Cambridge. Thi
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-toronto - 2026-05-23
Why SOCIAL—and why now?The last three decades have exposed a paradox at the heart of global governance: massive investments in rule‑of‑law promotion and democratization have not consistently produced liberal outcomes in non‑Western, post‑socialist contexts. In many cases, they have coexisted with or even indirectly reinforced authoritarian governance—as regimes adapted, learned, and strategically
https://www.norca.lu.se/about-project/project-rationale - 2026-05-23
Turība University (Biznesa augstskola Turība) is the largest private university in the Baltic States, located in Riga, Latvia. Founded in 1993, it has established itself as a leading business-oriented higher education institution with a clear focus on practical application and international integration. The university serves a diverse community of over 4,000 students and has an alumni network exce
https://www.norca.lu.se/sia-biznesa-augstskola-turiba - 2026-05-23
Charles University is a prestigious public research university located in Prague, Czech Republic, and stands as one of the oldest universities in the world. Founded in 1348 by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, it holds the distinction of being the first university in Central Europe and remains a cornerstone of Czech higher education. Today, the university has expanded beyond Prague, with faculties lo
https://www.norca.lu.se/univerzita-karlova - 2026-05-23
Vilnius University is the oldest and largest higher education institution in Lithuania and one of the oldest in Northern Europe, having been established in 1579. Located in the capital city of Vilnius, it has played a pivotal role in the cultural and scientific development of the region for nearly four and a half centuries. The university's historic campus in the Old Town is a celebrated architect
https://www.norca.lu.se/vilnius-university - 2026-05-23
Humboldt University of Berlin is one of Germany’s most prestigious higher education institutions located in the heart of Berlin on the historic Unter den Linden boulevard. Founded in 1810 by Wilhelm von Humboldt, it pioneered the Humboldtian model of higher education which emphasizes the unity of research and teaching and has influenced universities worldwide. It has a rich academic heritage havin
https://www.norca.lu.se/humboldt-university-berlin - 2026-05-23
The University of Zurich (UZH) is the largest and most comprehensive university in Switzerland, located in the country's most prominent city. Founded in 1833, it holds the distinction of being the first university in Europe to be established by a democratic state rather than a monarch or the church. UZH is a member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU) and stands as a leading cent
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-zurich - 2026-05-23
The University of Tsukuba is a leading public research university located in Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1973, it was founded with the vision of being an "open university" that breaks away from traditional academic structures to foster interdisciplinary research and international collaboration. It is designated as a "Designated National University" by the Japane
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-tsukuba-0 - 2026-05-23
The Tajik State University of Commerce (Donishgohi davlatii tijorati Tojikiston) is a leading public higher education institution located in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, specializing in economics, management, and trade. Established in 1987, originally as a branch of the Novosibirsk Institute of Soviet Cooperative Trade, it gained full university status in 2001. The university plays a pivotal role in the
https://www.norca.lu.se/tajik-state-university-commerce - 2026-05-23
Zhetysu University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov is a large multidisciplinary higher education institution located in Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan. It serves as the leading educational and scientific center of the Almaty region. Founded in 1972 as the Taldykorgan Pedagogical Institute, it has evolved significantly over the decades, gaining university status in 1994 and being renamed in 1977 to honor th
https://www.norca.lu.se/zhetysu-university-named-after-ilyas-zhansugurov - 2026-05-23
Tebigy Kuwwat (Natural Power) is a prominent non-governmental organization based in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Established in 2003, it operates as an enterprise under the "Nature Preserving Society of Turkmenistan" and functions as a key civil society actor in the country's environmental sector. The organization is dedicated to supporting state environmental protection programs and promoting public a
https://www.norca.lu.se/tebigy-kuwwat-public-association - 2026-05-23
International & Regional Norms, Initiatives, Discourses, Institutions WP1 examines how global and regional norm entrepreneurs—from Western actors (EU, OSCE, IFIs) to Russia/China‑led architectures—shape, contest, and transform Central Asia’s legal landscape. It studies authoritarian legal harmonization, anti‑corruption regimes, corporate transparency, and public procurement under loans and emergen
https://www.norca.lu.se/work-package-1/work-package-1 - 2026-05-23
The OSCE Academy in Bishkek is a unique regional centre for higher education and professional training, established in 2002 through a partnership between the Kyrgyz Government and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Located in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, the Academy serves as a hub for fostering regional cooperation, conflict prevention, and good governance across Centr
https://www.norca.lu.se/osce-academy-bishkek - 2026-05-23
Tashkent State University of Law (Toshkent Davlat Yuridik Universiteti) is the premier higher education institution for legal studies in Uzbekistan. Its origins trace back to the establishment of the legal department at Turkestan State University in 1918. It was reorganized into a specialized institute in 1991 and granted university status in 2013, solidifying its role as the national center for l
https://www.norca.lu.se/tashkent-state-university-law - 2026-05-23
The Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (German Institute for International and Security Affairs) is one of Europe's most influential think tanks, located in Berlin, Germany. Established in 1962, it operates as an independent, non-profit foundation dedicated to analyzing international relations and security policy. The institute's primary mission is to provide evidence-based policy advice to the Ger
https://www.norca.lu.se/stiftung-wissenschaft-und-politik - 2026-05-23
The General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a centralized state authority responsible for ensuring the rule of law and protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens across the nation. It acts as the supreme supervisory body, overseeing the uniform execution of laws by ministries, state committees, and local government bodies, while also coordinating law enforcement activities
https://www.norca.lu.se/general-prosecutors-office-republic-uzbekistan - 2026-05-23
The Eurasian Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (EIIS) is a scientific and educational organization dedicated to fundamental and applied research across a broad spectrum of disciplines. Founded in 2023 and based in Uzbekistan, it functions as a platform for interdisciplinary inquiry, focusing on the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of the Eurasian region. The Institute's mission encomp
https://www.norca.lu.se/eurasian-institute-interdisciplinary-studies - 2026-05-23
The Nationwide Movement "Yuksalish" is a prominent non-governmental and non-profit organization in Uzbekistan, established in January 2019 by a presidential decree. Its creation was part of the country's broader strategy to support national development goals and foster active civil society participation. The movement operates as a voluntary association, uniting citizens, NGOs, business representat
https://www.norca.lu.se/nationwide-movement-yuksalish - 2026-05-23
